ption: false }, nextState: '2' },
          'd|qd|dq': { action_: { type_: '- after o/d', option: true }, nextState: '2' },
          'D|qD|p': { action_: [ 'output', { type_: 'bond', option: "-" } ], nextState: '3' } },
        'amount2': {
          '1|3': { action_: 'a=', nextState: 'a' } },
        'letters': {
          '0|1|2|3|a|as|b|p|bp|o': { action_: 'o=', nextState: 'o' },
          'q|dq': { action_: ['output', 'o='], nextState: 'o' },
          'd|D|qd|qD': { action_: 'o after d', nextState: 'o' } },
        'digits': {
          'o': { action_: 'q=', nextState: 'q' },
          'd|D': { action_: 'q=', nextState: 'dq' },
          'q': { action_: [ 'output', 'o=' ], nextState: 'o' },
          'a': { action_: 'o=', nextState: 'o' } },
        'space A': {
          'b|p|bp': {} },
        'space': {
          'a': { nextState: 'as' },
          '0': { action_: 'sb=false' },
          '1|2': { action_: 'sb=true' },
          'r|rt|rd|rdt|rdq': { action_: 'output', nextState: '0' },
          '*': { action_: [ 'output', 'sb=true' ], nextState: '1'} },
        '1st-level escape': {
          '1|2': { action_: [ 'output', { type_: 'insert+p1', option: '1st-level escape' } ] },
          '*': { action_: [ 'output', { type_: 'insert+p1', option: '1st-level escape' } ], nextState: '0' } },
        '[(...)]': {
          'r|rt': { action_: 'rd=', nextState: 'rd' },
          'rd|rdt': { action_: 'rq=', nextState: 'rdq' } },
        '...': {
          'o|d|D|dq|qd|qD': { action_: [ 'output', { type_: 'bond', option: "..." } ], nextState: '3' },
          '*': { action_: [ { type_: 'output', option: 1 }, { type_: 'insert', option: 'ellipsis' } ], nextState: '1' } },
        '. |* ': {
          '*': { action_: [ 'output', { type_: 'insert', option: 'addition compound' } ], nextState: '1' } },
        'state of aggregation $': {
          '*': { action_: [ 'output', 'state of aggregation' ], nextState: '1' } },
        '{[(': {
          'a|as|o': { action_: [ 'o=', 'output', 'parenthesisLevel++' ], nextState: '2' },
          '0|1|2|3': { action_: [ 'o=', 'output', 'parenthesisLevel++' ], nextState: '2' },
          '*': { action_: [ 'output', 'o=', 'output', 'parenthesisLevel++' ], nextState: '2' } },
        ')]}': {
          '0|1|2|3|b|p|bp|o': { action_: [ 'o=', 'parenthesisLevel--' ], nextState: 'o' },
          'a|as|d|D|q|qd|qD|dq': { action_: [ 'output', 'o=', 'parenthesisLevel--' ], nextState: 'o' } },
        ', ': {
          '*': { action_: [ 'output', 'comma' ], nextState: '0' } },
        '^_': {  // ^ and _ without a sensible argument
          '*': { } },
        '^{(...)}|^($...$)': {
          '0|1|2|as': { action_: 'b=', nextState: 'b' },
          'p': { action_: 'b=', nextState: 'bp' },
          '3|o': { action_: 'd= kv', nextState: 'D' },
          'q': { action_: 'd=', nextState: 'qD' },
          'd|D|qd|qD|dq': { action_: [ 'output', 'd=' ], nextState: 'D' } },
        '^a|^\\x{}{}|^\\x{}|^\\x|\'': {
          '0|1|2|as': { action_: 'b=', nextState: 'b' },
          'p': { action_: 'b=', nextState: 'bp' },
          '3|o': { action_: 'd= kv', nextState: 'd' },
          'q': { action_: 'd=', nextState: 'qd' },
          'd|qd|D|qD': { action_: 'd=' },
          'dq': { action_: [ 'output', 'd=' ], nextState: 'd' } },
        '_{(state of aggregation)}$': {
          'd|D|q|qd|qD|dq': { action_: [ 'output', 'q=' ], nextState: 'q' } },
        '_{(...)}|_($...$)|_9|_\\x{}{}|_\\x{}|_\\x': {
          '0|1|2|as': { action_: 'p=', nextState: 'p' },
          'b': { action_: 'p=', nextState: 'bp' },
          '3|o': { action_: 'q=', nextState: 'q' },
          'd|D': { action_: 'q=', nextState: 'dq' },
          'q|qd|qD|dq': { action_: [ 'output', 'q=' ], nextState: 'q' } },
        '=<>': {
          '0|1|2|3|a|as|o|q|d|D|qd|qD|dq': { action_: [ { type_: 'output', option: 2 }, 'bond' ], nextState: '3' } },
        '#': {
          '0|1|2|3|a|as|o': { action_: [ { type_: 'output', option: 2 }, { type_: 'bond', option: "#" } ], nextState: '3' } },
        '{}': {
          '*': { action_: { type_: 'output', option: 1 },  nextState: '1' } },
        '{...}': {
          '0|1|2|3|a|as|b|p|bp': { action_: 'o=', nextState: 'o' },
          'o|d|D|q|qd|qD|dq': { action_: [ 'output', 'o=' ], nextState: 'o' } },
        '$...$': {
          'a': { action_: 'a=' },  // 2$n$
          '0|1|2|3|as|b|p|bp|o': { action_: 'o=', nextState: 'o' },  // not 'amount'
          'as|o': { action_: 'o=' },
          'q|d|D|qd|qD|dq': { action_: [ 'output', 'o=' ], nextState: 'o' } },
        '\\bond{(...)}': {
          '*': { action_: [ { type_: 'output', option: 2 }, 'bond' ], nextState: "3" } },
        '\\frac{(...)}': {
          '*': { action_: [ { type_: 'output', option: 1 }, 'frac-output' ], nextState: '3' } },
        '\\overset{(...)}': {
          '*': { action_: [ { type_: 'output', option: 2 }, 'overset-output' ], nextState: '3' } },
        '\\underset{(...)}': {
          '*': { action_: [ { type_: 'output', option: 2 }, 'underset-output' ], nextState: '3' } },
        '\\underbrace{(...)}': {
          '*': { action_: [ { type_: 'output', option: 2 }, 'underbrace-output' ], nextState: '3' } },
        '\\color{(...)}{(...)}1|\\color(...){(...)}2': {
          '*': { action_: [ { type_: 'output', option: 2 }, 'color-output' ], nextState: '3' } },
        '\\color{(...)}0': {
          '*': { action_: [ { type_: 'output', option: 2 }, 'color0-output' ] } },
        '\\ce{(...)}': {
          '*': { action_: [ { type_: 'output', option: 2 }, 'ce' ], nextState: '3' } },
        '\\,': {
          '*': { action_: [ { type_: 'output', option: 1 }, 'copy' ], nextState: '1' } },
        '\\x{}{}|\\x{}|\\x': {
          '0|1|2|3|a|as|b|p|bp|o|c0': { action_: [ 'o=', 'output' ], nextState: '3' },
          '*': { action_: ['output', 'o=', 'output' ], nextState: '3' } },
        'others': {
          '*': { action_: [ { type_: 'output', option: 1 }, 'copy' ], nextState: '3' } },
        'else2': {
          'a': { action_: 'a to o', nextState: 'o', revisit: true },
          'as': { action_: [ 'output', 'sb=true' ], nextState: '1', revisit: true },
          'r|rt|rd|rdt|rdq': { action_: [ 'output' ], nextState: '0', revisit: true },
          '*': { action_: [ 'output', 'copy' ], nextState: '3' } }
      }),
      actions: {
        'o after d': function (buffer, m) {
          var ret;
          if ((buffer.d || "").match(/^[0-9]+$/)) {
            var tmp = buffer.d;
            buffer.d = undefined;
            ret = this['output'](buffer);
            buffer.b = tmp;
          } else {
            ret = this['output'](buffer);
          }
          mhchemParser.actions['o='](buffer, m);
          return ret;
        },
        'd= kv': function (buffer, m) {
          buffer.d = m;
          buffer.dType = 'kv';
        },
        'charge or bond': function (buffer, m) {
          if (buffer['beginsWithBond']) {
            /** @type {ParserOutput[]} */
            var ret = [];
            mhchemParser.concatArray(ret, this['output'](buffer));
            mhchemParser.concatArray(ret, mhchemParser.actions['bond'](buffer, m, "-"));
            return ret;
          } else {
            buffer.d = m;
          }
        },
        '- after o/d': function (buffer, m, isAfterD) {
          var c1 = mhchemParser.patterns.match_('orbital', buffer.o || "");
          var c2 = mhchemParser.patterns.match_('one lowercase greek letter $', buffer.o || "");
          var c3 = mhchemParser.patterns.match_('one lowercase latin letter $', buffer.o || "");
          var c4 = mhchemParser.patterns.match_('$one lowercase latin letter$ $', buffer.o || "");
          var hyphenFollows =  m==="-" && ( c1 && c1.remainder===""  ||  c2  ||  c3  ||  c4 );
          if (hyphenFollows && !buffer.a && !buffer.b && !buffer.p && !buffer.d && !buffer.q && !c1 && c3) {
            buffer.o = '$' + buffer.o + '$';
          }
          /** @type {ParserOutput[]} */
          var ret = [];
          if (hyphenFollows) {
            mhchemParser.concatArray(ret, this['output'](buffer));
            ret.push({ type_: 'hyphen' });
          } else {
            c1 = mhchemParser.patterns.match_('digits', buffer.d || "");
            if (isAfterD && c1 && c1.remainder==='') {
              mhchemParser.concatArray(ret, mhchemParser.actions['d='](buffer, m));
              mhchemParser.concatArray(ret, this['output'](buffer));
            } else {
              mhchemParser.concatArray(ret, this['output'](buffer));
              mhchemParser.concatArray(ret, mhchemParser.actions['bond'](buffer, m, "-"));
            }
          }
          return ret;
        },
        'a to o': function (buffer) {
          buffer.o = buffer.a;
          buffer.a = undefined;
        },
        'sb=true': function (buffer) { buffer.sb = true; },
        'sb=false': function (buffer) { buffer.sb = false; },
        'beginsWithBond=true': function (buffer) { buffer['beginsWithBond'] = true; },
        'beginsWithBond=false': function (buffer) { buffer['beginsWithBond'] = false; },
        'parenthesisLevel++': function (buffer) { buffer['parenthesisLevel']++; },
        'parenthesisLevel--': function (buffer) { buffer['parenthesisLevel']--; },
        'state of aggregation': function (buffer, m) {
          return { type_: 'state of aggregation', p1: mhchemParser.go(m, 'o') };
        },
        'comma': function (buffer, m) {
          var a = m.replace(/\s*$/, '');
          var withSpace = (a !== m);
          if (withSpace  &&  buffer['parenthesisLevel'] === 0) {
            return { type_: 'comma enumeration L', p1: a };
          } else {
            return { type_: 'comma enumeration M', p1: a };
          }
        },
        'output': function (buffer, m, entityFollows) {
          // entityFollows:
          //   undefined = if we have nothing else to output, also ignore the just read space (buffer.sb)
          //   1 = an entity follows, never omit the space if there was one just read before (can only apply to state 1)
          //   2 = 1 + the entity can have an amount, so output a\, instead of converting it to o (can only apply to states a|as)
          /** @type {ParserOutput | ParserOutput[]} */
          var ret;
          if (!buffer.r) {
            ret = [];
            if (!buffer.a && !buffer.b && !buffer.p && !buffer.o && !buffer.q && !buffer.d && !entityFollows) {
              //ret = [];
            } else {
              if (buffer.sb) {
                ret.push({ type_: 'entitySkip' });
              }
              if (!buffer.o && !buffer.q && !buffer.d && !buffer.b && !buffer.p && entityFollows!==2) {
                buffer.o = buffer.a;
                buffer.a = undefined;
              } else if (!buffer.o && !buffer.q && !buffer.d && (buffer.b || buffer.p)) {
                buffer.o = buffer.a;
                buffer.d = buffer.b;
                buffer.q = buffer.p;
                buffer.a = buffer.b = buffer.p = undefined;
              } else {
                if (buffer.o && buffer.dType==='kv' && mhchemParser.patterns.match_('d-oxidation$', buffer.d || "")) {
                  buffer.dType = 'oxidation';
                } else if (buffer.o && buffer.dType==='kv' && !buffer.q) {
                  buffer.dType = undefined;
                }
              }
              ret.push({
                type_: 'chemfive',
                a: mhchemParser.go(buffer.a, 'a'),
                b: mhchemParser.go(buffer.b, 'bd'),
                p: mhchemParser.go(buffer.p, 'pq'),
                o: mhchemParser.go(buffer.o, 'o'),
                q: mhchemParser.go(buffer.q, 'pq'),
                d: mhchemParser.go(buffer.d, (buffer.dType === 'oxidation' ? 'oxidation' : 'bd')),
                dType: buffer.dType
              });
            }
          } else {  // r
            /** @type {ParserOutput[]} */
            var rd;
            if (buffer.rdt === 'M') {
              rd = mhchemParser.go(buffer.rd, 'tex-math');
            } else if (buffer.rdt === 'T') {
              rd = [ { type_: 'text', p1: buffer.rd || "" } ];
            } else {
              rd = mhchemParser.go(buffer.rd);
            }
            /** @type {ParserOutput[]} */
            var rq;
            if (buffer.rqt === 'M') {
              rq = mhchemParser.go(buffer.rq, 'tex-math');
            } else if (buffer.rqt === 'T') {
              rq = [ { type_: 'text', p1: buffer.rq || ""} ];
            } else {
              rq = mhchemParser.go(buffer.rq);
            }
            ret = {
              type_: 'arrow',
              r: buffer.r,
              rd: rd,
              rq: rq
            };
          }
          for (var p in buffer) {
            if (p !== 'parenthesisLevel'  &&  p !== 'beginsWithBond') {
              delete buffer[p];
            }
          }
          return ret;
        },
        'oxidation-output': function (buffer, m) {
          var ret = [ "{" ];
          mhchemParser.concatArray(ret, mhchemParser.go(m, 'oxidation'));
          ret.push("}");
          return ret;
        },
        'frac-output': function (buffer, m) {
          return { type_: 'frac-ce', p1: mhchemParser.go(m[0]), p2: mhchemParser.go(m[1]) };
        },
        'overset-output': function (buffer, m) {
          return { type_: 'overset', p1: mhchemParser.go(m[0]), p2: mhchemParser.go(m[1]) };
        },
        'underset-output': function (buffer, m) {
          return { type_: 'underset', p1: mhchemParser.go(m[0]), p2: mhchemParser.go(m[1]) };
        },
        'underbrace-output': function (buffer, m) {
          return { type_: 'underbrace', p1: mhchemParser.go(m[0]), p2: mhchemParser.go(m[1]) };
        },
        'color-output': function (buffer, m) {
          return { type_: 'color', color1: m[0], color2: mhchemParser.go(m[1]) };
        },
        'r=': function (buffer, m) { buffer.r = m; },
        'rdt=': function (buffer, m) { buffer.rdt = m; },
        'rd=': function (buffer, m) { buffer.rd = m; },
        'rqt=': function (buffer, m) { buffer.rqt = m; },
        'rq=': function (buffer, m) { buffer.rq = m; },
        'operator': function (buffer, m, p1) { return { type_: 'operator', kind_: (p1 || m) }; }
      }
    },
    'a': {
      transitions: mhchemParser.createTransitions({
        'empty': {
          '*': {} },
        '1/2$': {
          '0': { action_: '1/2' } },
        'else': {
          '0': { nextState: '1', revisit: true } },
        '$(...)$': {
          '*': { action_: 'tex-math tight', nextState: '1' } },
        ',': {
          '*': { action_: { type_: 'insert', option: 'commaDecimal' } } },
        'else2': {
          '*': { action_: 'copy' } }
      }),
      actions: {}
    },
    'o': {
      transitions: mhchemParser.createTransitions({
        'empty': {
          '*': {} },
        '1/2$': {
          '0': { action_: '1/2' } },
        'else': {
          '0': { nextState: '1', revisit: true } },
        'letters': {
          '*': { action_: 'rm' } },
        '\\ca': {
          '*': { action_: { type_: 'insert', option: 'circa' } } },
        '\\x{}{}|\\x{}|\\x': {
          '*': { action_: 'copy' } },
        '${(...)}$|$(...)$': {
          '*': { action_: 'tex-math' } },
        '{(...)}': {
          '*': { action_: '{text}' } },
        'else2': {
          '*': { action_: 'copy' } }
      }),
      actions: {}
    },
    'text': {
      transitions: mhchemParser.createTransitions({
        'empty': {
          '*': { action_: 'output' } },
        '{...}': {
          '*': { action_: 'text=' } },
        '${(...)}$|$(...)$': {
          '*': { action_: 'tex-math' } },
        '\\greek': {
          '*': { action_: [ 'output', 'rm' ] } },
        '\\,|\\x{}{}|\\x{}|\\x': {
          '*': { action_: [ 'output', 'copy' ] } },
        'else': {
          '*': { action_: 'text=' } }
      }),
      actions: {
        'output': function (buffer) {
          if (buffer.text_) {
            /** @type {ParserOutput} */
            var ret = { type_: 'text', p1: buffer.text_ };
            for (var p in buffer) { delete buffer[p]; }
            return ret;
          }
        }
      }
    },
    'pq': {
      transitions: mhchemParser.createTransitions({
        'empty': {
          '*': {} },
        'state of aggregation $': {
          '*': { action_: 'state of aggregation' } },
        'i$': {
          '0': { nextState: '!f', revisit: true } },
        '(KV letters),': {
          '0': { action_: 'rm', nextState: '0' } },
        'formula$': {
          '0': { nextState: 'f', revisit: true } },
        '1/2$': {
          '0': { action_: '1/2' } },
        'else': {
          '0': { nextState: '!f', revisit: true } },
        '${(...)}$|$(...)$': {
          '*': { action_: 'tex-math' } },
        '{(...)}': {
          '*': { action_: 'text' } },
        'a-z': {
          'f': { action_: 'tex-math' } },
        'letters': {
          '*': { action_: 'rm' } },
        '-9.,9': {
          '*': { action_: '9,9'  } },
        ',': {
          '*': { action_: { type_: 'insert+p1', option: 'comma enumeration S' } } },
        '\\color{(...)}{(...)}1|\\color(...){(...)}2': {
          '*': { action_: 'color-output' } },
        '\\color{(...)}0': {
          '*': { action_: 'color0-output' } },
        '\\ce{(...)}': {
          '*': { action_: 'ce' } },
        '\\,|\\x{}{}|\\x{}|\\x': {
          '*': { action_: 'copy' } },
        'else2': {
          '*': { action_: 'copy' } }
      }),
      actions: {
        'state of aggregation': function (buffer, m) {
          return { type_: 'state of aggregation subscript', p1: mhchemParser.go(m, 'o') };
        },
        'color-output': function (buffer, m) {
          return { type_: 'color', color1: m[0], color2: mhchemParser.go(m[1], 'pq') };
        }
      }
    },
    'bd': {
      transitions: mhchemParser.createTransitions({
        'empty': {
          '*': {} },
        'x$': {
          '0': { nextState: '!f', revisit: true } },
        'formula$': {
          '0': { nextState: 'f', revisit: true } },
        'else': {
          '0': { nextState: '!f', revisit: true } },
        '-9.,9 no missing 0': {
          '*': { action_: '9,9' } },
        '.': {
          '*': { action_: { type_: 'insert', option: 'electron dot' } } },
        'a-z': {
          'f': { action_: 'tex-math' } },
        'x': {
          '*': { action_: { type_: 'insert', option: 'KV x' } } },
        'letters': {
          '*': { action_: 'rm' } },
        '\'': {
          '*': { action_: { type_: 'insert', option: 'prime' } } },
        '${(...)}$|$(...)$': {
          '*': { action_: 'tex-math' } },
        '{(...)}': {
          '*': { action_: 'text' } },
        '\\color{(...)}{(...)}1|\\color(...){(...)}2': {
          '*': { action_: 'color-output' } },
        '\\color{(...)}0': {
          '*': { action_: 'color0-output' } },
        '\\ce{(...)}': {
          '*': { action_: 'ce' } },
        '\\,|\\x{}{}|\\x{}|\\x': {
          '*': { action_: 'copy' } },
        'else2': {
          '*': { action_: 'copy' } }
      }),
      actions: {
        'color-output': function (buffer, m) {
          return { type_: 'color', color1: m[0], color2: mhchemParser.go(m[1], 'bd') };
        }
      }
    },
    'oxidation': {
      transitions: mhchemParser.createTransitions({
        'empty': {
          '*': {} },
        'roman numeral': {
          '*': { action_: 'roman-numeral' } },
        '${(...)}$|$(...)$': {
          '*': { action_: 'tex-math' } },
        'else': {
          '*': { action_: 'copy' } }
      }),
      actions: {
        'roman-numeral': function (buffer, m) { return { type_: 'roman numeral', p1: m || "" }; }
      }
    },
    'tex-math': {
      transitions: mhchemParser.createTransitions({
        'empty': {
          '*': { action_: 'output' } },
        '\\ce{(...)}': {
          '*': { action_: [ 'output', 'ce' ] } },
        '{...}|\\,|\\x{}{}|\\x{}|\\x': {
          '*': { action_: 'o=' } },
        'else': {
          '*': { action_: 'o=' } }
      }),
      actions: {
        'output': function (buffer) {
          if (buffer.o) {
            /** @type {ParserOutput} */
            var ret = { type_: 'tex-math', p1: buffer.o };
            for (var p in buffer) { delete buffer[p]; }
            return ret;
          }
        }
      }
    },
    'tex-math tight': {
      transitions: mhchemParser.createTransitions({
        'empty': {
          '*': { action_: 'output' } },
        '\\ce{(...)}': {
          '*': { action_: [ 'output', 'ce' ] } },
        '{...}|\\,|\\x{}{}|\\x{}|\\x': {
          '*': { action_: 'o=' } },
        '-|+': {
          '*': { action_: 'tight operator' } },
        'else': {
          '*': { action_: 'o=' } }
      }),
      actions: {
        'tight operator': function (buffer, m) { buffer.o = (buffer.o || "") + "{"+m+"}"; },
        'output': function (buffer) {
          if (buffer.o) {
            /** @type {ParserOutput} */
            var ret = { type_: 'tex-math', p1: buffer.o };
            for (var p in buffer) { delete buffer[p]; }
            return ret;
          }
        }
      }
    },
    '9,9': {
      transitions: mhchemParser.createTransitions({
        'empty': {
          '*': {} },
        ',': {
          '*': { action_: 'comma' } },
        'else': {
          '*': { action_: 'copy' } }
      }),
      actions: {
        'comma': function () { return { type_: 'commaDecimal' }; }
      }
    },
    //#endregion
    //
    // \pu state machines
    //
    //#region pu
    'pu': {
      transitions: mhchemParser.createTransitions({
        'empty': {
          '*': { action_: 'output' } },
        'space$': {
          '*': { action_: [ 'output', 'space' ] } },
        '{[(|)]}': {
          '0|a': { action_: 'copy' } },
        '(-)(9)^(-9)': {
          '0': { action_: 'number^', nextState: 'a' } },
        '(-)(9.,9)(e)(99)': {
          '0': { action_: 'enumber', nextState: 'a' } },
        'space': {
          '0|a': {} },
        'pm-operator': {
          '0|a': { action_: { type_: 'operator', option: '\\pm' }, nextState: '0' } },
        'operator': {
          '0|a': { action_: 'copy', nextState: '0' } },
        '//': {
          'd': { action_: 'o=', nextState: '/' } },
        '/': {
          'd': { action_: 'o=', nextState: '/' } },
        '{...}|else': {
          '0|d': { action_: 'd=', nextState: 'd' },
          'a': { action_: [ 'space', 'd=' ], nextState: 'd' },
          '/|q': { action_: 'q=', nextState: 'q' } }
      }),
      actions: {
        'enumber': function (buffer, m) {
          /** @type {ParserOutput[]} */
          var ret = [];
          if (m[0] === "+-"  ||  m[0] === "+/-") {
            ret.push("\\pm ");
          } else if (m[0]) {
            ret.push(m[0]);
          }
          if (m[1]) {
            mhchemParser.concatArray(ret, mhchemParser.go(m[1], 'pu-9,9'));
            if (m[2]) {
              if (m[2].match(/[,.]/)) {
                mhchemParser.concatArray(ret, mhchemParser.go(m[2], 'pu-9,9'));
              } else {
                ret.push(m[2]);
              }
            }
            m[3] = m[4] || m[3];
            if (m[3]) {
              m[3] = m[3].trim();
              if (m[3] === "e"  ||  m[3].substr(0, 1) === "*") {
                ret.push({ type_: 'cdot' });
              } else {
                ret.push({ type_: 'times' });
              }
            }
          }
          if (m[3]) {
            ret.push("10^{"+m[5]+"}");
          }
          return ret;
        },
        'number^': function (buffer, m) {
          /** @type {ParserOutput[]} */
          var ret = [];
          if (m[0] === "+-"  ||  m[0] === "+/-") {
            ret.push("\\pm ");
          } else if (m[0]) {
            ret.push(m[0]);
          }
          mhchemParser.concatArray(ret, mhchemParser.go(m[1], 'pu-9,9'));
          ret.push("^{"+m[2]+"}");
          return ret;
        },
        'operator': function (buffer, m, p1) { return { type_: 'operator', kind_: (p1 || m) }; },
        'space': function () { return { type_: 'pu-space-1' }; },
        'output': function (buffer) {
          /** @type {ParserOutput | ParserOutput[]} */
          var ret;
          var md = mhchemParser.patterns.match_('{(...)}', buffer.d || "");
          if (md  &&  md.remainder === '') { buffer.d = md.match_; }
          var mq = mhchemParser.patterns.match_('{(...)}', buffer.q || "");
          if (mq  &&  mq.remainder === '') { buffer.q = mq.match_; }
          if (buffer.d) {
            buffer.d = buffer.d.replace(/\u00B0C|\^oC|\^{o}C/g, "{}^{\\circ}C");
            buffer.d = buffer.d.replace(/\u00B0F|\^oF|\^{o}F/g, "{}^{\\circ}F");
          }
          if (buffer.q) {  // fraction
            buffer.q = buffer.q.replace(/\u00B0C|\^oC|\^{o}C/g, "{}^{\\circ}C");
            buffer.q = buffer.q.replace(/\u00B0F|\^oF|\^{o}F/g, "{}^{\\circ}F");
            var b5 = {
              d: mhchemParser.go(buffer.d, 'pu'),
              q: mhchemParser.go(buffer.q, 'pu')
            };
            if (buffer.o === '//') {
              ret = { type_: 'pu-frac', p1: b5.d, p2: b5.q };
            } else {
              ret = b5.d;
              if (b5.d.length > 1  ||  b5.q.length > 1) {
                ret.push({ type_: ' / ' });
              } else {
                ret.push({ type_: '/' });
              }
              mhchemParser.concatArray(ret, b5.q);
            }
          } else {  // no fraction
            ret = mhchemParser.go(buffer.d, 'pu-2');
          }
          for (var p in buffer) { delete buffer[p]; }
          return ret;
        }
      }
    },
    'pu-2': {
      transitions: mhchemParser.createTransitions({
        'empty': {
          '*': { action_: 'output' } },
        '*': {
          '*': { action_: [ 'output', 'cdot' ], nextState: '0' } },
        '\\x': {
          '*': { action_: 'rm=' } },
        'space': {
          '*': { action_: [ 'output', 'space' ], nextState: '0' } },
        '^{(...)}|^(-1)': {
          '1': { action_: '^(-1)' } },
        '-9.,9': {
          '0': { action_: 'rm=', nextState: '0' },
          '1': { action_: '^(-1)', nextState: '0' } },
        '{...}|else': {
          '*': { action_: 'rm=', nextState: '1' } }
      }),
      actions: {
        'cdot': function () { return { type_: 'tight cdot' }; },
        '^(-1)': function (buffer, m) { buffer.rm += "^{"+m+"}"; },
        'space': function () { return { type_: 'pu-space-2' }; },
        'output': function (buffer) {
          /** @type {ParserOutput | ParserOutput[]} */
          var ret = [];
          if (buffer.rm) {
            var mrm = mhchemParser.patterns.match_('{(...)}', buffer.rm || "");
            if (mrm  &&  mrm.remainder === '') {
              ret = mhchemParser.go(mrm.match_, 'pu');
            } else {
              ret = { type_: 'rm', p1: buffer.rm };
            }
          }
          for (var p in buffer) { delete buffer[p]; }
          return ret;
        }
      }
    },
    'pu-9,9': {
      transitions: mhchemParser.createTransitions({
        'empty': {
          '0': { action_: 'output-0' },
          'o': { action_: 'output-o' } },
        ',': {
          '0': { action_: [ 'output-0', 'comma' ], nextState: 'o' } },
        '.': {
          '0': { action_: [ 'output-0', 'copy' ], nextState: 'o' } },
        'else': {
          '*': { action_: 'text=' } }
      }),
      actions: {
        'comma': function () { return { type_: 'commaDecimal' }; },
        'output-0': function (buffer) {
          /** @type {ParserOutput[]} */
          var ret = [];
          buffer.text_ = buffer.text_ || "";
          if (buffer.text_.length > 4) {
            var a = buffer.text_.length % 3;
            if (a === 0) { a = 3; }
            for (var i=buffer.text_.length-3; i>0; i-=3) {
              ret.push(buffer.text_.substr(i, 3));
              ret.push({ type_: '1000 separator' });
            }
            ret.push(buffer.text_.substr(0, a));
            ret.reverse();
          } else {
            ret.push(buffer.text_);
          }
          for (var p in buffer) { delete buffer[p]; }
          return ret;
        },
        'output-o': function (buffer) {
          /** @type {ParserOutput[]} */
          var ret = [];
          buffer.text_ = buffer.text_ || "";
          if (buffer.text_.length > 4) {
            var a = buffer.text_.length - 3;
            for (var i=0; i<a; i+=3) {
              ret.push(buffer.text_.substr(i, 3));
              ret.push({ type_: '1000 separator' });
            }
            ret.push(buffer.text_.substr(i));
          } else {
            ret.push(buffer.text_);
          }
          for (var p in buffer) { delete buffer[p]; }
          return ret;
        }
      }
    }
    //#endregion
  };

  //
  // texify: Take MhchemParser output and convert it to TeX
  //
  /** @type {Texify} */
  var texify = {
    go: function (input, isInner) {  // (recursive, max 4 levels)
      if (!input) { return ""; }
      var res = "";
      var cee = false;
      for (var i=0; i < input.length; i++) {
        var inputi = input[i];
        if (typeof inputi === "string") {
          res += inputi;
        } else {
          res += texify._go2(inputi);
          if (inputi.type_ === '1st-level escape') { cee = true; }
        }
      }
      if (!isInner && !cee && res) {
        res = "{" + res + "}";
      }
      return res;
    },
    _goInner: function (input) {
      if (!input) { return input; }
      return texify.go(input, true);
    },
    _go2: function (buf) {
      /** @type {undefined | string} */
      var res;
      switch (buf.type_) {
        case 'chemfive':
          res = "";
          var b5 = {
            a: texify._goInner(buf.a),
            b: texify._goInner(buf.b),
            p: texify._goInner(buf.p),
            o: texify._goInner(buf.o),
            q: texify._goInner(buf.q),
            d: texify._goInner(buf.d)
          };
          //
          // a
          //
          if (b5.a) {
            if (b5.a.match(/^[+\-]/)) { b5.a = "{"+b5.a+"}"; }
            res += b5.a + "\\,";
          }
          //
          // b and p
          //
          if (b5.b || b5.p) {
            res += "{\\vphantom{X}}";
            res += "^{\\hphantom{"+(b5.b||"")+"}}_{\\hphantom{"+(b5.p||"")+"}}";
            res += "{\\vphantom{X}}";
            res += "^{\\smash[t]{\\vphantom{2}}\\mathllap{"+(b5.b||"")+"}}";
            res += "_{\\vphantom{2}\\mathllap{\\smash[t]{"+(b5.p||"")+"}}}";
          }
          //
          // o
          //
          if (b5.o) {
            if (b5.o.match(/^[+\-]/)) { b5.o = "{"+b5.o+"}"; }
            res += b5.o;
          }
          //
          // q and d
          //
          if (buf.dType === 'kv') {
            if (b5.d || b5.q) {
              res += "{\\vphantom{X}}";
            }
            if (b5.d) {
              res += "^{"+b5.d+"}";
            }
            if (b5.q) {
              res += "_{\\smash[t]{"+b5.q+"}}";
            }
          } else if (buf.dType === 'oxidation') {
            if (b5.d) {
              res += "{\\vphantom{X}}";
              res += "^{"+b5.d+"}";
            }
            if (b5.q) {
              res += "{\\vphantom{X}}";
              res += "_{\\smash[t]{"+b5.q+"}}";
            }
          } else {
            if (b5.q) {
              res += "{\\vphantom{X}}";
              res += "_{\\smash[t]{"+b5.q+"}}";
            }
            if (b5.d) {
              res += "{\\vphantom{X}}";
              res += "^{"+b5.d+"}";
            }
          }
          break;
        case 'rm':
          res = "\\mathrm{"+buf.p1+"}";
          break;
        case 'text':
          if (buf.p1.match(/[\^_]/)) {
            buf.p1 = buf.p1.replace(" ", "~").replace("-", "\\text{-}");
            res = "\\mathrm{"+buf.p1+"}";
          } else {
            res = "\\text{"+buf.p1+"}";
          }
          break;
        case 'roman numeral':
          res = "\\mathrm{"+buf.p1+"}";
          break;
        case 'state of aggregation':
          res = "\\mskip2mu "+texify._goInner(buf.p1);
          break;
        case 'state of aggregation subscript':
          res = "\\mskip1mu "+texify._goInner(buf.p1);
          break;
        case 'bond':
          res = texify._getBond(buf.kind_);
          if (!res) {
            throw ["MhchemErrorBond", "mhchem Error. Unknown bond type (" + buf.kind_ + ")"];
          }
          break;
        case 'frac':
          var c = "\\frac{" + buf.p1 + "}{" + buf.p2 + "}";
          res = "\\mathchoice{\\textstyle"+c+"}{"+c+"}{"+c+"}{"+c+"}";
          break;
        case 'pu-frac':
          var d = "\\frac{" + texify._goInner(buf.p1) + "}{" + texify._goInner(buf.p2) + "}";
          res = "\\mathchoice{\\textstyle"+d+"}{"+d+"}{"+d+"}{"+d+"}";
          break;
        case 'tex-math':
          res = buf.p1 + " ";
          break;
        case 'frac-ce':
          res = "\\frac{" + texify._goInner(buf.p1) + "}{" + texify._goInner(buf.p2) + "}";
          break;
        case 'overset':
          res = "\\overset{" + texify._goInner(buf.p1) + "}{" + texify._goInner(buf.p2) + "}";
          break;
        case 'underset':
          res = "\\underset{" + texify._goInner(buf.p1) + "}{" + texify._goInner(buf.p2) + "}";
          break;
        case 'underbrace':
          res =  "\\underbrace{" + texify._goInner(buf.p1) + "}_{" + texify._goInner(buf.p2) + "}";
          break;
        case 'color':
          res = "{\\color{" + buf.color1 + "}{" + texify._goInner(buf.color2) + "}}";
          break;
        case 'color0':
          res = "\\color{" + buf.color + "}";
          break;
        case 'arrow':
          var b6 = {
            rd: texify._goInner(buf.rd),
            rq: texify._goInner(buf.rq)
          };
          var arrow = "\\x" + texify._getArrow(buf.r);
          if (b6.rq) { arrow += "[{" + b6.rq + "}]"; }
          if (b6.rd) {
            arrow += "{" + b6.rd + "}";
          } else {
            arrow += "{}";
          }
          res = arrow;
          break;
        case 'operator':
          res = texify._getOperator(buf.kind_);
          break;
        case '1st-level escape':
          res = buf.p1+" ";  // &, \\\\, \\hlin
          break;
        case 'space':
          res = " ";
          break;
        case 'entitySkip':
          res = "~";
          break;
        case 'pu-space-1':
          res = "~";
          break;
        case 'pu-space-2':
          res = "\\mkern3mu ";
          break;
        case '1000 separator':
          res = "\\mkern2mu ";
          break;
        case 'commaDecimal':
          res = "{,}";
          break;
          case 'comma enumeration L':
          res = "{"+buf.p1+"}\\mkern6mu ";
          break;
        case 'comma enumeration M':
          res = "{"+buf.p1+"}\\mkern3mu ";
          break;
        case 'comma enumeration S':
          res = "{"+buf.p1+"}\\mkern1mu ";
          break;
        case 'hyphen':
          res = "\\text{-}";
          break;
        case 'addition compound':
          res = "\\,{\\cdot}\\,";
          break;
        case 'electron dot':
          res = "\\mkern1mu \\bullet\\mkern1mu ";
          break;
        case 'KV x':
          res = "{\\times}";
          break;
        case 'prime':
          res = "\\prime ";
          break;
        case 'cdot':
          res = "\\cdot ";
          break;
        case 'tight cdot':
          res = "\\mkern1mu{\\cdot}\\mkern1mu ";
          break;
        case 'times':
          res = "\\times ";
          break;
        case 'circa':
          res = "{\\sim}";
          break;
        case '^':
          res = "uparrow";
          break;
        case 'v':
          res = "downarrow";
          break;
        case 'ellipsis':
          res = "\\ldots ";
          break;
        case '/':
          res = "/";
          break;
        case ' / ':
          res = "\\,/\\,";
          break;
        default:
          assertNever(buf);
          throw ["MhchemBugT", "mhchem bug T. Please report."];  // Missing texify rule or unknown MhchemParser output
      }
      assertString(res);
      return res;
    },
    _getArrow: function (a) {
      switch (a) {
        case "->": return "rightarrow";
        case "\u2192": return "rightarrow";
        case "\u27F6": return "rightarrow";
        case "<-": return "leftarrow";
        case "<->": return "leftrightarrow";
        case "<-->": return "rightleftarrows";
        case "<=>": return "rightleftharpoons";
        case "\u21CC": return "rightleftharpoons";
        case "<=>>": return "rightequilibrium";
        case "<<=>": return "leftequilibrium";
        default:
          assertNever(a);
          throw ["MhchemBugT", "mhchem bug T. Please report."];
      }
    },
    _getBond: function (a) {
      switch (a) {
        case "-": return "{-}";
        case "1": return "{-}";
        case "=": return "{=}";
        case "2": return "{=}";
        case "#": return "{\\equiv}";
        case "3": return "{\\equiv}";
        case "~": return "{\\tripledash}";
        case "~-": return "{\\mathrlap{\\raisebox{-.1em}{$-$}}\\raisebox{.1em}{$\\tripledash$}}";
        case "~=": return "{\\mathrlap{\\raisebox{-.2em}{$-$}}\\mathrlap{\\raisebox{.2em}{$\\tripledash$}}-}";
        case "~--": return "{\\mathrlap{\\raisebox{-.2em}{$-$}}\\mathrlap{\\raisebox{.2em}{$\\tripledash$}}-}";
        case "-~-": return "{\\mathrlap{\\raisebox{-.2em}{$-$}}\\mathrlap{\\raisebox{.2em}{$-$}}\\tripledash}";
        case "...": return "{{\\cdot}{\\cdot}{\\cdot}}";
        case "....": return "{{\\cdot}{\\cdot}{\\cdot}{\\cdot}}";
        case "->": return "{\\rightarrow}";
        case "<-": return "{\\leftarrow}";
        case "<": return "{<}";
        case ">": return "{>}";
        default:
          assertNever(a);
          throw ["MhchemBugT", "mhchem bug T. Please report."];
      }
    },
    _getOperator: function (a) {
      switch (a) {
        case "+": return " {}+{} ";
        case "-": return " {}-{} ";
        case "=": return " {}={} ";
        case "<": return " {}<{} ";
        case ">": return " {}>{} ";
        case "<<": return " {}\\ll{} ";
        case ">>": return " {}\\gg{} ";
        case "\\pm": return " {}\\pm{} ";
        case "\\approx": return " {}\\approx{} ";
        case "$\\approx$": return " {}\\approx{} ";
        case "v": return " \\downarrow{} ";
        case "(v)": return " \\downarrow{} ";
        case "^": return " \\uparrow{} ";
        case "(^)": return " \\uparrow{} ";
        default:
          assertNever(a);
          throw ["MhchemBugT", "mhchem bug T. Please report."];
      }
    }
  };

  //
  // Helpers for code analysis
  // Will show type error at calling position
  //
  /** @param {number} a */
  function assertNever(a) {}
  /** @param {string} a */
  function assertString(a) {}